He even admits that he would rather be inactive out of laziness. The main issue for the Underground Man is that he has reached a point of ennui and inactivity. He feels that others like him exist, but he continuously concentrates on his spitefulness instead of on actions that would help him avoid the problems that torment him. Unlike most people, who typically act out of revenge because they believe justice is the end, the Underground Man is conscious of his problems and feels the desire for revenge, but he does not find it virtuous the incongruity leads to spite towards the act itself with its concomitant circumstances. He says that the cruelty of society makes human beings moan about pain only to spread their suffering to others. He argues that removing pain and suffering in society takes away a man's freedom. The narrator observes that utopian society removes suffering and pain, but man desires both things and needs them in order to be happy. Sections 7, 8, & 9 cover theories of reason and logic, closing with the last two sections as a summary and transition into Part 2.Sections 5 & 6 discuss the moral and intellectual fluctuation that the narrator feels along with his conscious insecurities regarding "inertia"-inaction.Sections 2, 3, & 4 deal with suffering and the irrational pleasure of suffering.Section I propounds a number of riddles whose meanings are further developed as the narration continues.The first part of Notes from Underground has eleven sections: The title of the first part-"Underground"-is itself given a footnoted introduction by Dostoevsky in which the character of the 'author' of the Notes and the nature of the 'excerpts' are discussed. The Underground Man attacks contemporary Russian philosophy, especially Nikolay Chernyshevsky's What Is to Be Done? More generally, the work can be viewed as an attack on and rebellion against determinism: the idea that everything, including the human personality and will, can be reduced to the laws of nature, science and mathematics. The Underground Man's every word anticipates the words of an other, with whom he enters into an obsessive internal polemic. According to Mikhail Bakhtin, in the Underground Man's confession "there is literally not a single monologically firm, undissociated word". Although the first part of the novella has the form of a monologue, the narrator's form of address to his reader is acutely dialogized. The novella presents itself as an excerpt from the memoirs of a bitter, isolated, unnamed narrator (generally referred to by critics as the Underground Man), who is a retired civil servant living in St. It is a first-person narrative in the form of a " confession": the work was originally announced by Dostoevsky in Epoch under the title "A Confession". Notes from Underground ( pre-reform Russian: Записки изъ подполья post-reform Russian: Записки из подполья, Zapíski iz podpólʹya also translated as Notes from the Underground or Letters from the Underworld) is a novella by Fyodor Dostoevsky, first published in the journal Epoch in 1864. His health declined until his death in 1881 he was increasingly recognized, in his later years, as an immense talent, and he is considered today one of the finest novelists of the nineteenth century.Записки изъ подполья at Russian Wikisource After years of financial straits caused by a gambling problem, Dostoevsky began in 1866 the composition of novels- The Gambler, Crime and Punishment, The Idiot, Notes from Underground, Demons, and The Brothers Karamazov-on which his reputation now rests. Accused of publishing materials critiquing the government, Dostoevsky was exiled to Siberia for five years, beginning in 1849, and his experiences there informed his character Raskolnikov’s exile in his novel Crime and Punishment. He also showed signs of epilepsy, greatly interrupting his professional and personal life. Dostoevsky began a career as an engineer and, in his free time, wrote and translated. His mother died of tuberculosis when Dostoevsky was a young man. While he was there, it is believed his father was killed by serfs on his own plantation. A sickly but intelligent child, Dostoevsky was sent to a military engineering academy, which he hated. His father Mikhail was a military doctor who later secured a government position and an acquired rank of nobility. One of eight children, Fyodor Dostoevsky was born to a family lineage of middle-class businessmen and petty nobles.
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